Published in 1864, this novella delves into the psyche of a nameless narrator, often referred to as the "Underground Man." The work is divided into two parts. The first part provides a monologue that critiques society and human nature, expressing his deep-seated bitterness, isolation, and a sense of intellectual superiority. He rejects the idea of a utopian society, believing that suffering and irrationality are inherent to human existence. 5⭐️