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Within a year of closing the last Impressionist exhibition in 1886, a large and disparate group of movements had appeared, each with its own beliefs about the nature and function of art. From Neo-Impressionism to Symbolism, from Gauguin and van Gogh to Matisse and Munch, the program of 20th-century art was emerging. These individual styles are now collectively referred to as Post-Impressionism. This book imposes coherence and a sense of pattern upon this diverse mix of movements and individuals that reacted against the style and subject matter of the Impressionists. The sociohistoric background against which Post-Impressionism evolved and the international reverberations of the movement are presented. Special emphasis is given to the revolution that Post-Impressionism created in Russia, which had effects far beyond the confines of art.