One shortcoming of many metaphorical interfaces is that their design tends to be guided by the goal of representing objects and relations among them as opposed to representing actions. Often, the former seems easier to do.
One shortcoming of many metaphorical interfaces is that their design tends to be guided by the goal of representing objects and relations among them as opposed to representing actions. Often, the former seems easier to do.
In task-oriented environments, the trick is to define the "whole" activity as something that can provide satisfaction and closure when it is achieved.
[I]ntrinsic constraints should limit, not what people can do, but what they are likely to think about doing.
[S]urprise and reversal are tools for changing what people understand and expect, for stimulating interest and involvement, and for orchestrating the shape of the action.